EGF and cancer: For example, atezolizumab and the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab demonstrated an overall response rate of 10% in patients with advanced anal cancer,15 and avelumab with the anti-epidermal growth factor antibody cetuximab revealed an overall response rate of 17% in a similar population.14 In contrast, promising early signal has been seen in other trials for patients with advanced HPV-associated cancers using anti-PD-L1 therapies in combination with therapeutic HPV vaccines.