Previous studies have shown that activation of monocytes, macrophages [35], neutrophils, and CD4 + T helper (Th)1 cells, as well as increased expression of CD4 + CXCR4 + T cells [36] and interferon (IFN)-g [37] contribute to the development of DM-ILD. The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is dermatomyositis.