A study by Maeda et al. [25] evaluated the anti-obesity effects of fucoxanthin in 3T3-L1 cells and they observed reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and conversion of fucoxanthin to fucoxanthinol, which further suppressed lipid differentiation and accumulation in 3T3-L1 cell lines due to lower glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and downregulated PPARγ. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.