Under the condition of high glucose, H9C2 cells were treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and it was observed that G-CSF significantly downregulated GRP78, caspase-9, caspase-12, IRE-1α, and CHOP, thereby reducing the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and neutrophils in DCM [124]. Here, DDIT3 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.