In our previous study, we showed biased TRB and IGH V-J gene usage in blood-derived and liver-derived T and B cells in classical AIH or PBC versus HD (with only minor differences between AIH and PBC).17 Likewise, principal component analysis showed skewing of TRB and IGH V-J gene usage in patients with variant syndromes relative to HD (Figure 1B) comparable to that previously observed for classical AIH and PBC.17 Multivariate ANOVA (Pillai-Bartlett trace test) suggested that variant syndromes had repertoire biases that cannot be distinguished from those of classical AIH and PBC (Figure 1B). This evidence concerns the gene THRB and primary biliary cholangitis.