TH and malignant colon neoplasm: Thyroid hormones control the balance between proliferation and differentiation of colon cancer stem cells (CSC), specifically, TH activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, while deiodinase 3 (D3) is a direct target of β-catenin, which binds to the D3 promoter and activates D3 transcription, ultimately promoting the proliferation of colon cancer stem cells [61].