Although the total levels of IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ were not significantly influenced by SeV infection, the level of p-IKKα/β and p-IKKγ increased in response to infection and the peak of p-IKKα/β and p-IKKγ appeared at 4 h post infection (hpi) in THP-1 cells (Fig. 3, A and B). Here, CHUK is linked to infection.