Low expression of extracellular carbonic anhydrases—functionally equivalent to experimental carbonic anhydrase inhibition, which is associated with acidosis in breast cancer tissue (Fig. 6)—characterizes tumors with reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines (Il1A, IL1B, IL4, IL6, CXCL2) and transcription factors (NFKB1, STAT3) relative to the degree of tumor immune cell infiltration (Fig. 11E). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is breast cancer.