Eight genes covering 11 cancer types were determined to be under positive selection in the human lineage under the branch-site model in PAML (Table 1), including the neuronal stress related gene, DROSHA [28], the immune related gene, LY75-CD302 [29], the neurodegenerative diseases related gene, RBFOX1 [30], the neurocognitive related gene, NRG1 [31], the viral and bacterial response related gene, STAT3 [32], the brain development related gene, NIN [33], the zinc finger protein gene, ZNF814, and the immune response and antiviral response related gene, TRAF3 [34]. The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.