High‐dose IL‐2 can induce hypotension, renal failure, and fever.[56] IL‐2 sometimes results in a cytokine storm, in which numerous inflammatory cytokines from NK and other immune cells are secreted abnormally.[58] IFN‐α can also cause autoimmune diseases alone or when induced by cytokines, such as TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. Here, TNF is linked to acute kidney injury.