TNF and cancer: However, based on evidence that activated fibroblasts obtained from old mice secrete inflammatory cytokines and TNF (Mahmoudi et al. 2019), it is necessary to consider the induction of proinflammatory cytokines caused by inhibition of PP2A activity due to chronic inflammation that is characteristic of aging (“inflammaging”) (Desdin-Micó et al. 2020) in the cancer microenvironment.