A large number of cohort studies have previously assessed the associations of metabolic phenotypes of obesity, defined by elevated levels of insulin or HOMA‐IR, with cardiovascular disease,20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45 diabetes,18, 45 and several cancer types.19, 22, 30, 31, 32, 33. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.