VWF and sleep apnea syndrome: Elevated vWF plasma levels are indictive of unfavorable outcome after TBI.7–9 Higher vWF levels have been reported after sleep disruptions,10 short sleep duration, and healthy patients with subjective sleep symptoms.11 Though vWF is also associated with sleep apnea, that relationship is mediated by comorbidities (i.e., hypertension) and not the apnea itself.3 Multiple studies have reported no change in vWF after use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.3 This may explain why vWF more accurately identified non-responders compared to responders (specificity = 90%).