Systemically delivered LIF promotes the functional recovery of oligodendrocytes from stroke by peroxiredoxin IV,43 protects oligodendrocytes against proinflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis by inducing the expression of the antiapoptotic protein 14-3-3,44 and protects oligodendrocytes in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model independent of inflammatory cytokine modulation.11 Oligodendrocyte precursor cell–targeted LIF nanoparticle therapy has shown promise in the lysolecithin model of demyelinating disease.45 The gene discussed is LIF; the disease is demyelinating disease.