As expected, we found most of the characteristics of ALS PBMCs that we and others have previously demonstrated by flow cytometry: an increased ratio of classical to non-classical monocytes, increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, decreased relative abundance of CD4 + T cells, as well as dysregulated total subcomposition of PBMCs (Fig. 2a) [1, 2, 4, 58, 59]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.