TGFB1 and neoplasm: Indeed, breast cancer cell lines indirectly co-cultured with CAFs demonstrate upregulated transcription of many genes associated with tumor progression in transwell assays, expressing more transcripts for fibroblast growth factors (FGF2, FGF7), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), platelet derived growth factors (PDGFA, PDGFB), inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8), ECM remodeling enzymes (TIMP1, MMP11, urokinase plasminogen actovator) and the angiogenic factor VEGFA (Eiro et al., 2018).