There are three potential causes for this phenomenon: EMP3 is a tumor suppressor gene by itself, and its expression levels may increase along with the substrate that is being repressed; second, EMP3 is a tumor suppressor gene at low expression levels and an oncogene at high expression; third, EMP3 is an oncogene in glioma; however, there may be additional causes. Here, EMP3 is linked to central nervous system cancer.