CD19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Overall, ICANS usually affects 20–70% of patients treated with CD19 CAR T cells in B-NHL or B-ALL (3, 13, 14), with higher rates of neurotoxicity associated with the use of the CD28 costimulatory domain (axi-cel) in comparison with the CD4-1 BB costimulatory domain (tisa-cel or liso-cel) (15).