Recent evidence has shown that NOD mice lacking the heteroreceptor for IL4 and IL13 display resistance to T1DM thus supporting the hypothesis that physiological levels of IL4/IL13 (which are correlated with gene polymorphisms such as IL4 gene -C590T, rs2243250 and IL13 gene p.(Arg130Glu) may contribute to the onset of T1DM (41). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.