Obviously, the major alterations in the 3 groups of TD patients were elevations of a set of cytokines, including the chemokine RANTES (also known as CCL5), Serpin E1, Thrombospondin-1, MIF, PDGF-AA, and PDGF-AB/BB (a mixture of the B subunit containing PDGF factors detected by antibody to the B subunit that was incapable of distinguishing between AB and BB) (Figure 2), that appeared to be the major DECs. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to thanatophoric dysplasia.