Due to sequential pathway activation (e.g., an active NFκB pathway produces IL6, resulting in activation of the JAK-STAT3 pathway) and intracellular crosstalk between signaling pathways (e.g., cooperation between transcription factors of MAPK and TGFβ pathways), multiple pathways, i.e., the Wnt, MAPK, JAK-STAT and TGFβ pathways, are recruited in the pathogenic process underlying IBD (Moparthi and Koch, 2019), (Chen and Ten Dijke, 2016), (Massagué, 2012), (Salas et al., 2020), (Carey et al., 2008), (Na and Moon, 2019). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.