NLRP3 and infection: In contrast to these caspase-1 activating stimuli, cytoplasmic LPS triggers coupling events in which caspase-11-/GSDMD-dependent LDH is released and noncanonical NLRP3-dependent IL-1β is secreted together with noncanonical neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) against cytosolic infection (39).