Table 4 outlines some noteworthy macrophage-based cancer therapies in people and dogs. As the understanding of myeloid cells in the TME progresses, several anti-cancer therapies initially understood to have other targets have subsequently been found to have significant impacts on TAMs, very likely contributing to the anti-cancer effect. Examples include paclitaxel (via TLR-4 activation similar to LPS), imatinib (via the M-CSF receptor), and ibrutinib (via Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition) (200–202). Here, TLR4 is linked to cancer.