Of note, TNMD was involved in the inflammatory regulation of COPD, as indicated by its positive correlation with M1 macrophages and its marker CD86, which predominate in COPD, as well as several cytokines and chemokines, including IL10, IFNγ, CCL22, IL1ß, and TNFα, which is a potent activator of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway (85). Here, IFNG is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.