M2-induced polarization in PCa has been associated with production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), leading to a consequent impairment of T lymphocyte proliferation and activation (21), and also with the production of IL-6 by prostate carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) and PCa cells (26). Here, CCL2 is linked to prostate carcinoma.