TNF and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: The traditional RIPK1 inhibitors, necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) and RIPA56 have been widely used in various animal inflammation models, both of which can reduce the inflammatory response and decrease necrotic apoptosis (23, 89, 90): in the TNF-α-induced SIRS model, the use of NEC-1 was found to alleviate the inflammatory response and reduce the mortality rate of mice (23).