For both, the scoliotic curve was severe and progressive, driving the indication for surgery. Notably, patient six has a rare homozygous mutation of SMAD3, causing a severe form of the disease, as previously reported [11]. Posterior fusion achieves coronal correction of 48-67% in AIS patients [22], resulting in improved self-reported measures of self-image, function, and level of activity [23]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and androgen insensitivity syndrome.