HMOX1 and acute kidney injury: For example, it has been found that Pachymic acid can affect ferroptosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice, improve mitochondrial outer membrane rupture and internal cristae damage, stabilize mitochondrial ultrastructure, and resist acute kidney injury, which may be related to the activation of NRF2 and the upregulation of the expression of downstream ferroptosis-related proteins GPX4, SLC7A11 and HO-1 (Jiang et al., 2021).