INS and Insulin resistance: The results showed that MLPII treatment significantly improved glucose tolerance, restored glycogen levels and GS activity in diabetic rats, and significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic rats, in addition to significantly increased expression levels of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), which are involved in insulin signalling, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).