The researchers used diabetic mouse models treated with 125 mg/kg, 62.5 mg/kg and 31.25 mg/kg for 28 days (once daily) and found that 1-DNJ in mulberry leaves increased the production of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which inhibit pathogens and fight metabolic diseases, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which regulate insulin secretion and reversal of insulin resistance, and Wertheria, which reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, in diabetic mice. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.