Researchers have measured the levels of IRS-1, PI3K p85a and GLUT-4 mRNA and corresponding proteins in this signalling pathway and found that activation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Glut-4 signalling pathway reduced insulin resistance and thus improved blood glucose levels (Zisman et al., 2000; Ooms et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and Insulin resistance.