AKT1 and neoplasm: In addition, taurine induces the apoptosis of tumor cells by up-regulating the expression of the p53 transcription factor, down-regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) or inactivating the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and etc., thereby may inhibit ccRCC progression (Baliou et al., 2020).