The favorable prognostic impact of NPM1 and CEBPA mutations has been well established for many years, whereas the prognostic significance of other molecular alterations is less defined.29, 57, 58, 59 Marceau-Renaut et al20 showed that PHF6 and RUNX1 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in childhood AML, and Umeda et al60 showed that UBTF tandem duplication is a recurrent lesion in pediatric AML and is associated with poor outcomes. This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1 and acute myeloid leukemia.