Using targeted proteomics, we further noted that in addition to IL-1β, also IL-18, IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) were released 24 h after RV infection in HBECs from patients with asthma (Supplementary Fig. 3l) indicating, that RV-induced epithelial inflammasome activation participated in the heightened proinflammatory responses at the bronchial barrier sites in asthma. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is asthma.