Other groups observed that infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, human macrophages and mouse bone-marrow derived cells with other single stranded RNA viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and IAV, activates RIG-I/MAVS-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription and RIG-I/ASC-dependent, but NLRP3-independent, inflammasome activation and mature IL-1β and IL-18 production34,52. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.