Accordingly, epithelium from both patients with asthma and control individuals showed increased inflammasome-mediated immune responses after RV infection (Supplementary Fig. 2b, c), but the inflammasome-related molecules such as CASP1 (caspase-1), IL6, NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5), CXCL1 and others were significantly more upregulated in asthma (Supplementary Fig. 2d). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and asthma.