ETS1 and glioma: To functionally validate the role of p52-activated ETS1 in glioma progression, we targeted NFKB2 and ETS1 expression in U-87 MG and U-251 MG cells using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tools and verified their downregulation through western blotting (Supplementary Figs. 2, 4, 9 and 10).