TERT and neoplasm: To study how TERT deficiency protects from lung tumor invasion, we performed a qPCR to assess mRNA expression of Ccl12 (recruitment of fibrocytes) and Tgfb1 (epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor invasion) markers, an ELISA to quantify TGFB1 protein levels on lung homogenates of our mouse cohorts, as well as immunostainings for TGFB1 in lung sections of LLC-challenged mice (Fig. 4A–E).