PDK4 and fatty liver disease: Underscoring the relevance of PDK4 in fatty liver disease,29,46 and in line with the upregulation of both PDK4 and HIBCH mRNA expression in cultured hepatocytes treated with FAs (Fig. 2A, Supplementary Fig. S2G), in patient liver samples we found strong positive correlations between hepatic PDK4 mRNA expression and several features of fatty liver disease (Fig. 5A), and these correlations remained significant after correction for multiple testing.