CHEK2 and breast carcinoma: When collapsing age at diagnosis into a dichotomous variable (≤ 45 and > 45 years) and controlling for family history in multivariable logistic regression models, there was a statistically significant, but very modest association between age at diagnosis and PV status for ATM and CHEK2, as well as stronger associations for BRCA1 and BRCA2. The finding that age at breast cancer diagnosis alone may not be a useful predictor of PVs in some moderate- and high-risk genes is clinically relevant, as genetic testing decisions are often heavily weighted by this factor.