CD48 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: To better explain how the spectral-based Graph Neural Network model(s) works, we applied one unified explainable machine learning method, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and identified CXCL11, IL-2, CD48, KIR3DL2, TLR2, BMP10 and several other relevant COPD genes in subnetworks of the ConvGNN model for COPD prediction.