However, in HSE patients with inborn errors of the TLR3 pathway, the TLR3-dependent production of IFN-α/β, -λ and of many other cytokines was also impaired, whereas RIPK3 deficiency impaired the production of only a narrow range of cytokines, not including antiviral IFNs. Here, IFNA1 is linked to herpes simplex encephalitis.