IARS1 and hydrops fetalis: Although in the same set of transcripts shown in Figure 4C, Irs2 and Akt1 were upregulated in HF, AKT enhances glycolysis by promoting glucose uptake and may inhibit fatty acid oxidation (Shiojima and Walsh, 2006), and IRS similarly enhances glycolysis and inhibits fatty acid oxidation by acting via AKT (as well as AMP-activated protein kinase) (Long et al., 2011).