In the AV node in HF there was an increase in transcripts for proinflammatory cytokines (and proinflammatory cytokine-related molecules): Il1b (IL-1b), Osm (oncostatin M; cytokine of interleukin-6 family), Tnfrsf1a (TNF receptor 1), Tnfrsf1b (TNF receptor 2), Tgfb1 (TGFβ-1) and Tgfb2 (TGFβ-2) (Figure 7C). This evidence concerns the gene OSM and hydrops fetalis.