STAT3 and neoplasm: While cucurbitacin B, a widely used triterpenoid compound, was able to decrease the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3, thereby limiting the migration of rectal cancer cells, it was also demonstrated in vivo that cucurbitacin B enhanced antitumor immunity through regulating M2 polarization of macrophages, but the specific mechanism of action by which macrophage polarization affects tumor progression was not described (43).