In addition to MAPK being associated with pro-inflammation, it was found that in ERK5-deficient macrophages, STAT3 phosphorylation process was blocked and the expression of pro-tumor factors (M2 factors) VEGF, IL-10 and TGF-β was reduced, which in turn prevented the growth of melanoma and lung cancer in mice (124). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and neoplasm.