While cucurbitacin B, a widely used triterpenoid compound, was able to decrease the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3, thereby limiting the migration of rectal cancer cells, it was also demonstrated in vivo that cucurbitacin B enhanced antitumor immunity through regulating M2 polarization of macrophages, but the specific mechanism of action by which macrophage polarization affects tumor progression was not described (43). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and rectal cancer.