Among these metabolites, phosphatidylethanolamine, which is a category of phospholipids present in biological membranes, was found to be the most significantly upregulated metabolite in the GAL group, confirming the increase of phosphatidylethanolamine in complications of GAL such as neurological impairments and cataracts (Jernigan Jr et al., 2005; López de Frutos et al., 2022). The gene discussed is GAL; the disease is cataract.