<h4>Background</h4>The treatment of high-risk B-cell lymphoma (BCL) remains a challenge, especially in the elderly.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 83 patients (median age 65 years), who have achieved a complete response after induction therapy, were divided into two groups: R<sup>2</sup>  + GM-CSF regimen (lenalidomide, rituximab, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) as maintenance therapy (n = 39) and observation (n = 44). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.