INS and nephrolithiasis: We performed meta-analyses of IVW results from two sources to further confirm the significant impact of modifiable risk factors on nephrolithiasis risk, including WHRadjBMI (OR = 1.27, P = 0.010), total triglycerides (OR = 1.13, P = 0.006), fasting insulin (OR = 2.71, P = 3.26 × 10–07), serum 25(OH)D (OR = 1.56, P = 0.001), serum calcium (OR = 1.23, P = 2.28 × 10–10), serum phosphorus (OR = 0.58, P = 0.011), years of education (OR = 0.73, P = 0.005), and urine pH (OR = 0.28, P = 3.13 × 10–34)(Fig. 2).