Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a promising immunotherapy approach, among which anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy yielded promising outcomes in treatment of dozen of types of cancer, including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer [1–6]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.