We then performed bulk RNA-seq analyses in IBD (CD and UC) patients vs. unaffected controls34, and found that 7 (ICAM1, NOD2, IL33, RGS1, LRRK2, EGR2, and TLR4) of the 11 candidate genes are significantly over- or under-expressed in either CD or UC (“Methods”, Figs. 2b, c and Fig. 3f, Supplementary Data 12). This evidence concerns the gene RGS1 and inflammatory bowel disease.