For instance, the circ-CPA4/let-7/PD-L1 axis regulates NSCLC cell growth and stemness, immune evasion, and drug resistance (Hong et al. 2020); circFGFR1 promotes anti-PD-1 resistance by sponging miR-381-3p in NSCLC cells (Zhang et al. 2019a, b); and circTP63 facilitates the tumorigenesis and progression of LUSC by regulating the miR-873-3p/FOXM1 signaling (Cheng et al. 2019). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.