To further analyze the inflammatory state of CF patients, we also evaluated the balance of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10 and CCL4) in plasma. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is cystic fibrosis.