Studies have shown that NLRP3/IL-1β signaling may underlie the correlation between visceral obesity and cognitive impairment in humans, with high-fat diets feeding WT and NLRP3-KO mice, WT mice activating IL1R1 signaling in microglia, leading to hippocampal IL1β accumulation and neuroinflammation, and consequently cognitive impairment, while NLRP3-KO mice are protective against obesity-induced peripheral inflammation (142). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.