In NSCLC, ICIs targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) / programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway, such as PD‐1 inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD‐L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab), have significantly prolonged the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with those of conventional anticancer drugs.19, 20, 21, 22. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.