TNF and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1: JAK/STAT signalling pathway inhibitors (microRNA-495, microRNA-132) can inhibit the JAK/STAT signalling pathway by downregulating JAK3, inhibiting the activation of mast cells, and the secretion of IL-6, NO, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and other inflammation factors relieving bladder fibrosis, and relieving the inflammatory response of ulcerative IC/BPS [32, 33].